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Unearthed Ancient Greek Gear Device
In the West, in 300 BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle described the problem of using bronze or cast iron gears to transmit rotational motion in "Mechanical Problems". The famous Greek scholars Aristotle and Archimedes have studied gears. The famous Greek inventor Gutisibios evenly inserted pins on the edge of the circular table to make it mesh with the pin wheel. He applied this mechanism to engraving. This is about 150 BC. In 100 BC, Herron, the Alexandrian inventor, invented the odometer and used gears in the odometer. In the 1st century AD, a gear transmission was also used in the waterwheel mill made by the Roman architect Pidobis. By the 14th century, gears began to be used in clocks.
Hlau bronze iav thaum kawg ntawm Warring States lub sij hawm
In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (1st century AD), there were herringbone gears. The guide car and the Jili drum car that appeared in the Three Kingdoms period have adopted a gear transmission system. The water-rotating continuous mill invented by Du Yu in the Jin Dynasty transmits the power of the water wheel to the stone mill through gears. The earliest record of the gear transmission system in the history books is the description of the armillary sphere made by Xing Yi and Liang Lingzhan in the Tang Dynasty in 725. The water transport instrument elephant table (see ancient Chinese timepieces) made in the Northern Song Dynasty used a complicated gear system. In the Ming Dynasty Mao Yuanyi's "Wu Bei Zhi" (written in 1621) recorded a rack and pinion transmission. An iron ratchet gear was discovered in the ruins of the ancient city of Anwuji, Hebei, excavated in 1956. The diameter of the wheel is about 80 mm. Although it is incomplete, the iron quality is better. After research, it is confirmed that it is the end of the Warring States period (3rd century BC). Products from the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to 24 AD). Bronze spine gears were unearthed in Changjiaya, Yongji County, Shanxi Province in 1954. With reference to the artifacts unearthed in Tongkeng, it can be concluded that they are the relics of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) or the early Western Han Dynasty. The wheel has 40 teeth and the diameter is about 25 mm. Regarding the purpose of the ratchet gear, no written records have been found so far, and it is speculated that it may be used for braking to prevent the axle from turning backwards. A pair of bronze herringbone gears were unearthed in Hongqing Village, Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province in 1953. Based on the analysis of the tomb structure and the tomb objects, it can be determined that the pair of gears came from the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Both wheels have 24 teeth and a diameter of about 15 mm. The same herringbone gear was also found in Hengyang and other places. 1
Gear transmission structure diagram in "Wu Bei Zhi"
Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1694, tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis txoj PHILIPPE DE LA HIRE thawj zaug tau hais tias cov involute tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hniav nkhaus. Xyoo 1733, Fab Kis Fab Kis M.CAMUS tau npaj siab tias qhov ib txwm muaj ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov hniav iav yuav tsum dhau los ntawm qhov ntawm cov kab hauv nruab nrab. Thaum ib qho kev pab cuam tam sim no yog dov los ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab tam sim no (pitch voj voog) ntawm lub log loj thiab lub log me me, cov hniav sib txuas txuas txuas nrog cov auxiliary instant center kab ua ob tus hniav profile ntawm lub log loj thiab me. lub log. Cov nkhaus yog conjugate rau ib leeg, uas yog CAMUS theorem. Nws txiav txim siab lub xeev meshing ntawm ob qhov chaw hniav; nws kom meej meej tsim lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm lub trajectory ntawm kev sib cuag taw tes. Nyob rau hauv 1765, Swiss L. EULER muab tso rau pem hauv ntej lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb analytical ntawm involute hniav profile, thiab qhia meej txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm tus hniav profile nkhaus thiab qhov chaw ntawm curvature ntawm ib tug khub ntawm lub zog uas yog meshing. Tom qab ntawd, SAVARY txuas ntxiv ua tiav txoj hauv kev no thiab dhau los ua EU-TAU-SAVARY sib npaug. Qhov kev pab cuam rau daim ntawv thov ntawm involute hniav profile yog ROTEFT WULLS. Nws tau npaj siab tias thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw hloov pauv, lub iav involute muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Nyob rau hauv 1873, German engineer HOPPE tau hais txog cov hniav profile ntawm lub zog nrog ntau tus lej ntawm cov hniav thaum lub siab lub kaum sab xis hloov, yog li tso lub hauv paus rau kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv niaj hnub.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txiav txoj kev thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no los txiav cov iav tau ua rau cov iav ua tiav, thiab cov hniav profile tau pom qhov zoo. Ntev npaum li lub iav txiav cov cuab yeej hloov me ntsis los ntawm qhov qub meshing txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm txiav iav, cov iav sib txuas tuaj yeem txiav tawm ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej nrog cov cuab yeej txheem. Xyoo 1908, Swiss MAAG tau tshawb fawb txog txoj kev hloov chaw thiab tsim lub tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj. Tom qab ntawd, British BSS, American AGMA, thiab German DIN tau ua tiav tau npaj ntau txoj hauv kev suav rau kev hloov cov iav.
Bronze Herringbone Iav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Han Dynasty
In order to increase the service life of the power transmission gear and reduce its size, in addition to improvements in materials, heat treatment and structure, the arc-toothed gear has been developed. In 1907, the British FRANK HUMPHRIS first published the arc tooth profile. In 1926, ERUEST WILDHABER obtained the patent right for the arc tooth profile helical gear. In 1955, the Soviet Union's M. L. NOVIKOV completed the practical research on arc toothed gears and won the Lenin Medal. In 1970, the engineer of ROLH-ROYCE company R． M. STUDER has obtained a US patent for double circular arc gears. This kind of gear has been paid more and more attention to by people, and it has played a significant role in production.
Gears yog toothed mechanical qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog ib leeg. Lawv tau dav siv nyob rau hauv mechanical kis tau tus mob thiab tag nrho cov neeg kho tshuab teb. Niaj hnub nimno iav tshuab tau mus txog: iav modulus 0.004 txog 100 hli; iav txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1 hli mus rau 150 meters; Kev xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100,000 kilowatts; Kev sib hloov ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau pua txhiab tus kiv puag ncig ib feeb; qhov siab tshaj plaws peripheral ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 300 meters / Thib ob.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lawm, lub smoothness ntawm iav ua hauj lwm muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv 1674, tus Danish astronomer Romer thawj zaug tau thov kom siv ib tug epicycloid raws li ib tug hniav profile nkhaus kom tau ib tug iav uas khiav smoothly.
Thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, iav tshuab tau tsim sai heev, thiab tib neeg tau tshawb fawb ntau ntawm cov iav. Nyob rau hauv 1733, tus Fabkis mathematician Kami luam tawm txoj cai yooj yim ntawm cov hniav profile meshing; Xyoo 1765, Swiss lej Euler qhia txog kev siv involute raws li tus hniav profile nkhaus.
Gear hobbing machines thiab gear shaping machines tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom loj ntawm siab -cov iav precision. Xyoo 1900, Profort tau teeb tsa cov cuab yeej sib txawv rau lub iav hobbing tshuab, uas tuaj yeem ua cov iav helical ntawm lub iav hobbing tshuab. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub iav hobbing tshuab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, thiab cov qauv tsim muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua cov iav. Involute iav tau dhau los ua cov iav siv dav tshaj plaws. .
Xyoo 1899, Rasche thawj zaug siv lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov lub zog. Cov iav hloov pauv tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog zam kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntawm cov hniav iav, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua kom haum rau qhov chaw nyob deb thiab txhim kho lub load- nqa lub peev xwm ntawm lub iav. Xyoo 1923, Asmeskas Cov Tsiaj qus Haber thawj zaug tau thov cov iav nrog lub voj voog arc hniav profile. Xyoo 1955, Sunovykov tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob hauv - qhov tob ntawm lub voj voog arc iav, thiab lub voj voog arc iav tau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov iav zoo li no muaj kev thauj khoom siab -cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom raws li cov khoom siv, thiab nws xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv.
